1972年,美国精神研究会的资深心理学研究人员卡利斯‧奥西斯博士(Karlis Osis, 1917-1997)和冰岛心理学家埃伦杜尔‧哈拉尔森博士(Erlendur Haraldsson, 1931—2020)采访了见证濒死体验的一千多名医生和护士,合作出版了《死亡时刻》(At the Hour of Death)。这是首次对濒死体验进行的科学调查。³⁹³
1975年,美国乔治亚大学医学专业、弗吉尼亚大学哲学博士雷蒙德‧穆迪博士(Raymond Moody)出版《死后的世界》(Life After Life),首次提出“濒死体验”(Near-death Experience)这一名词,他因此被称为“濒死体验之父”。这本书是穆迪对一百多名经历过“临床死亡”并复活的人的濒死体验经历进行开创性研究的成果,书中他提出了“理想或完整濒死体验”的11个要素。³⁹⁴
1978年,布鲁斯‧格雷森医学博士(Bruce Greyson, MD)和雷蒙德‧穆迪医学博士(Raymond Moody, MD)等作为共同创始人,在美国创建了世界上第一个研究濒死体验的学术机构“濒死现象科学研究协会”(Association for the Scientific Study of Near-Death Phenomena)。1981年改名为“濒死研究国际学会”(International Association for Near-death Studies, IANDS),标志着濒死体验研究进入了有组织、有规模的学术研究阶段。³⁹⁵
1982—1987年,国际濒死研究协会开始创办附属学术期刊《复苏:濒死研究杂志》(Anabiosis: The Journal for Near-Death Studies),为同行评审期刊,1988年更名为《濒死研究杂志》(Journal of Near-Death Studies, 1988-present)。³⁹⁷
1998年,美国路易斯安那州放射肿瘤学医生杰弗瑞‧朗恩(Jeffrey Long, 1954—)在放射肿瘤学住院医师专业培训中,偶然间读到《美国医学会杂志》发表的一篇关于心脏骤停患者濒死体验的文章。这些发现令朗恩感到惊讶,也启发他创立了世界上最大的濒死体验研究网站和濒死体验研究基金会(Near-Death Experience Research Foundation, NDERF)³⁹⁸。迄今为止,该网站上累积了超过5200个濒死体验案例,成为世界上最大的研究濒死体验数据库之一。
2010年,朗恩出版《来世的证据:濒死体验的科学》(Evidence of the Afterlife: The Science of Near-Death Experiences)³⁹⁹,首次系统总结了濒死体验真实存在的九大证据。朗恩通过自己创建的网站,收集并分析大量濒死案例,于2014年9月在《密苏里医学》(Missouri Medicine)期刊发表文章《证明濒死体验真实性的证据》(Near-Death Experiences Evidence for Their Reality),进一步补充了这九大证据。⁴⁰⁰
2022年,萨姆‧帕尼尔(Sam Parnia)博士组织了多门学科的带头人,在《纽约科学院年鉴》(Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences)期刊上发表主流医学界第一份正式承认濒死现象成立的医学共识──《研究死亡和死亡经历回忆的指南和标准》(Guidelines and standards for the study of death and recalled experiences of death)。⁴⁰¹
帕尼尔2014年在国际著名医学期刊《复苏》(Resuscitation)上,发表了一项为期4年的多中心观察性研究,论文标题为“AWARE──心脏骤停抢救期间的意识──一项前瞻性研究”(AWARE—AWAreness during REsuscitation—A prospective study)。⁴⁰⁷
“我在天花板上俯瞰着(I was on the ceiling looking down)。”“我看见之前不认识的一名护士,而在事后我确实见过她。我能看到自己的身体,看到了一切。我看到一名医生塞东西进我的喉咙时,另外有人在测量我的血压。我看到一名护士在按压我的胸部……我看到测量血氧和血糖水平的过程。”
关于盲人濒死经历的最大一项研究的结果,在1997年美国康涅狄格大学(University of Connecticut)的肯尼思‧林博士(Kenneth Ring, Ph.D.)和莎朗‧库珀(Sharon Cooper, M.A.)于《濒死研究杂志》(Journal of Near-Death Studies)上发表的《盲人的濒死和灵魂离体体验:明显的无肉眼视觉的研究》(Near-Death and Out-of-Body Experiences in the Blind: A Study of Apparent Eyeless Vision)论文中⁴¹⁸;2008年他们又出版了《心灵视觉:盲人的濒死和灵魂离体体验》(Mindsight: Near-Death and Out-of-Body Experiences in the Blind)一书⁴¹⁹。
2015年出版的《想像天堂》(Imagine Heaven)的作者、具有工程师经历的美国作家约翰‧柏克(John Burke)在接受英文新唐人电视台《生命奥秘》(Mysteries of Life)节目组的采访时⁴²¹,谈到他所研究的濒死体验者报告的超常视觉。他说,有的濒死体验者报告:“我同时有望远镜般和显微镜般的视觉。”“我可以看到几英里之外的每棵树的叶子上的每一条叶脉”。(They said, “I could have telescopic and microscopic vision at the same time.” “I could see miles away but I could see every vein on the leaves of every tree.”)
穆迪博士所观察到的人生回顾通常是另外空间的“光明生命”(The being of life)呈现给濒死体验者的一生的全景回顾,按时间顺序排列,就像非常快地播放立体电影。“光明生命”启发濒临死亡的人反思,同时强调学习爱他人和获取知识的重要性。濒死体验者表示,自己仿佛真的处于这些记忆回溯中,而不仅仅是看到它们。
穆迪博士指出,许多濒死体验者描述遇到散发着光芒的生命,或叫“光明生命”(The Being of Light),那是一种难以形容的明亮的光,但不会伤害眼睛。大多数人将这种光视为具有爱和温暖的高级生命。这种高级生命会让濒死体验者感到一种不可抗拒的吸引力,或者感到完全放松,就好像他们被这个光的生命所吞没一样。
朗恩博士在《神与来世》(God and the Afterlife)中基于对3000个濒死体验病例的分析进一步指出,有过濒死体验的人常常因为在濒死体验过程中遇到神或得到神的指示,被告知尚有人生重要的事情去做、需要返回现世的人生。其人生观和世界观在重生后发生很大的变化。⁴³⁷
美国作家内德‧多尔蒂(Ned Dougherty)于2002年9月1日出版了《通往天堂的快速通道:一场死后之旅》(Fast Lane to Heaven: A Life-After-Death)。他在书中回顾了自己于1984年7月2日晚上的一次特殊体验。当时他在与朋友从魁北克市返回时,车子失去控制,与另一辆车迎面相撞。多尔蒂立刻离开了自己的身体,从上方看到了围绕事故现场发生的事件。⁴³⁸
这个经历后来成为了分享的故事,她的书《死亡中成为真实的我:从癌症、濒死到真正的痊愈之旅》(Dying to Be Me: My Journey from Cancer, to Near Death, to True Healing)中也详细记录了这个非凡的经历,并探讨了生命、死亡和治愈的深层意义。⁴³⁹
穆尔贾尼在书的前言写道:“我相信宇宙中最伟大的真理并非存在于外在,例如对星球和行星的研究,而是深藏于我们内在,存在于我们的心灵、思想和灵魂的壮丽之处。只有在我们理解内在之后,我们才能真正理解外在。”(I believe that the greatest truths of the universe don’t lie outside, in the study of the stars and the planets. They lie deep within us, in the magnificence of our heart, mind, and soul. Until we understand what is within, we can’t understand what is without.)
亚历山大的大儿子建议他在阅读任何与濒死体验、物理学或宇宙学相关的内容之前,先写下他所能记得的有关旅程的所有细节。六周后,亚历山大完成了超过20,000字的初步记录,后来写了一本题为“天堂的证明:神经外科医生的死后世界之旅”(Proof of Heaven: A Neurosurgeon’s Journey into the Afterlife)的书⁴⁴²。然后,他开始阅读相关书籍,并惊讶地发现他的旅程与全球各地数千年来报导的其他人的旅程之间有许多共通之处。
1999年,美国骨科医生玛丽‧C‧尼尔(Dr. Mary C. Neal)在智利南部经历了一次意外溺水事故,接着,她经历了从生命的边缘走到死亡然后再次复生的过程。她在2011年出版的著作《走进天堂再回来》(To Heaven and Back)中详细描述了自己的濒死体验,内容主要包括灵魂离体感、进入光明境地、遇见灵体和回顾人生,与其他人的濒死体验非常相似。⁴⁴⁴
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